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Orthographic Changing Verbs



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Verbs that end in -ger and -gir change the g to j in the yo form.


coger
colegir (e:i)
corregir (e:i)
dirigir
elegir (e:i)
escoger
exigir
fingir
proteger
recoger
sumergir
surgir
cojo
coges
coge
cogemos
cogéis
cogen



Verbs that end in -guir change the gu to g in the yo form.


conseguir (e:i)
distinguir
erguir (e:i)
extinguir
perseguir (e:i)
seguir (e:i)
consigo
consigues
consigue
conseguimos
conseguís
consiguen



Verbs that end in a consonant + -cer or -cir change the c to z in the yo form.


coercer
convencer
ejercer
esparcir
mecer*
remecer*
vencer
zurcir

*mecer and remecer follow this pattern, even though they end in a vowel + -cer
convenzo
convences
convence
convencemos
convencéis
convencen



Verbs that end in a vowel + -cer or -cir add z before the c in the yo form.

Exceptions:
hacer, decir


conducir
deducir
deslucir
inducir
introducir
lucir
producir
reducir
reproducir
traducir
conocer
agradecer
aparecer
carecer
compadecer
crecer
desaparecer
establecer
merecer
nacer
obedecer
ofrecer
parecer
pertenecer
placer
reconocer
yacer
conduzco
conduces
conduce
conducimos
conducís
conducen



Verbs that end in -uir (not guir) add y before o, e, and a.


atribuir
concluir
constituir
construir
contribuir
distribuir
destruir
disminuir
excluir
fluir
huir
incluir
influir
instruir
sustituir
atribuyo
atribuyes
atribuye
atribuimos
atribuís
atribuyen



Some verbs that end in -iar and nearly all verbs that end in -uar take a written accent to the i or the u in all but the nosotros and vosotros forms.


acentuar
continuar
actuar
ampliar
confiar
criar
enviar
espiar
fiar
graduar
habituar
liar
situar
valuar
variar
acentúo
acentúas
acentúa
acentuamos
acentuáis
acentúan



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